What is the difference between the mass number for carbon - 14 and carbon's atomic number of 12.011 amu

Great question, but I believe you are mixing up atomic number with mass number. Assuming you are, 12.011 amu is the average mass of a carbon atom. For carbon, it can come in three forms: carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14. The number following carbon is the mass number of that particular carbon "isotope". The reason the average is so close to 12 is because carbon-12 is by far the most common, so the average should be (and is) very close to 12. Therefore, 12.011 is a weighted average of all carbon molecules, and carbon-14 is a particular carbon molecule that weighs 14 amu.