How are concentration, temperature, surface area, stirring/shaking/agitating, and catalyst/preservative manipulated to speed up AND slow down reactions?

In chemistry, a concentration is a solution that has more solute than solvent. Depending on what you are trying to accomplish, this can either increase the speed and increase the magnitude of the reaction, or do the very opposite. This is entirely dependent on what the solute/solvent you are using and what you are trying to get to react.

Temperature is used to speed/slow reactions in its changes in temperature. Higher temperatures will get quicker reactions because the molecules are moving at a much higher rate. Lower temperatures will slow down reactions because the molecules are moving slower and will not collide as quickly.

Surface area is how much space is available to react to at any given moment. When you increase the surface area, you create more space for said objects to react. Covering the surface area will slow down the immediate reaction because there is less space.

Anytime you stir, shake, or agitate a solution, you increase the speed of the reaction by forcing the molecules to move. Letting a solution sit will let the reaction happen in a standard time, therefore slower than forcing it.

A catalyst is any object which increases the speed of a reaction, without changing the result of the reaction. A catalyst can be a chemical or solid or a solution, which forces a change in the speed of reaction.

A preservative slows down reactions by absorbing and neutralizing reactants. This also can be a solid or a solution.