What Is the Easiest way to know about Ionic and couvalent bonding?

Its seems to be Very confusing

Ionic bonding occurs when metal atom combines with non-metal atoms.

The metal atom becomes a cation as it loses electrons.

The non-metal atom becomes an anion as it gains electrons.

Electrons are gained or lost to obtain an octet or duplet electronic configuration.

Example: Sodium chloride where sodium is a metal and chlorine is a non-metal. Sodium ion has a charge of + 1 as it loses one electron to chlorine. While chlorine has a charge of - 1 as it gains an electron from sodium.

Covalent bonding occurs when non-metals combine with non-metals.

Covalent compounds share electrons.

Example: Carbon dioxide. Both are non-metals.

Carbon has an electronic configuration of (2,4)

Oxygen has an electronic configuration of (2, 6)

Hence, carbon shares 4 electrons with 2 oxygen atoms. This is because carbon needs 4 more electrons, hence it has to share 4 electrons. Oxygen requires only 2, hence both oxygen atoms share 2 electrons each.