New cars come with an onboard computer that controls anti-lock brakes, air bag deployment, fuel injection, etc. the software is known as

Electronic control unit (ECU) is a general term for any of a number of computer modules that receive input from sensors in your automobile and control different electrical functions

The ECM is basically an on-board computer in your car it is the most common

On-board diagnostics (OBD) is an automotive term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability.

ABS controls anti lock breaks