Which of the following is a principle that can improve the efficiency of I/O?

A) Increase the number of context switches.

B) Use small data transfers.

C) Move processing primitives into hardware.

D) Decrease concurrency using DMA controllers

C)

Explanation:

One principle that can improve the efficiency of I/O would be to move processing primitives into hardware. Primitives are a semantic value representing something else such as words or numbers within the programming language. By moving them into hardware they system is able to read them at a much faster speed making the I/O more efficient.

Move processing primitives into hardware.

Explanation:

Moving processing primitives into hardware will improve the efficiency of data transfer to and from a system. Primitive are simply the smallest indivisible data type in any programming language and moving them into the hardware makes them easily accessible by the system thereby increasing the efficiency of data processing (input and output).