What can be said about short circuits?

Well let's see.

The resistance is near 0 for all practical purposes.

The current is whatever is available before the circuit breaker blows.

The voltage is whatever is at the mains, usually 115 volts at the mains.

The wattage is 115 v * 15 amps (most circuit breakers will blow at 15 amps) which is 1725 watts.

Things should get mighty hot if a short circuit is allowed to stay for any period of time.

A short circuit is just when two terminal has a resistance has a resistance of 0.

The element between those two terminal can be replaced by an ideal wire.

This also mean the voltage across those two terminals is 0.