In English, the words "dog" and "hog" resemble each other in all but one sound, but they have completely different meanings. What is the linguistic term used to describe a set of two words, such as these, that can be used to identify phonemes?

Minimal Pairs.

Explanation:

Minimal pair is a linguistic term that is used for a pair of phrases, words or any linguistic words that are from a particular language. Their only difference lies in the phonological element of phoneme, toneme or chroneme.

The words "dog" and "hog" resemble each other in all but one sound, but they have completely different meanings. This is an example of minimal pairing. In the words "dog" and "hog", the only differing element is the "d" and the "h". The word or sounding of "og" is similar in both words.

Thus, the linguistic term used to describe the two words is minimal pairs.