Based on the passage, findings from comparative studies of social mobility have led some scholars to question which aspect of U. S. society?

Meritocracy

Explanation:

Meritocracy is the political system in which the government invests in talented individuals, makes efforts and based on their achievement. The IQ of individuals are tested and measured to check their competency level and ability.

In studies by scholars, meritocracy has been questioned because in meritocracy economic and political investments by the government are made only in those who prove themselves in meritorious. It can promote inequality with those who may not have high IQ but possess other necessary skills.

So, the correct answer is Meritocracy.