What do you call the process of analyzing and making judgement calls based on facts?

I have no clue.

The process of analyzing and making judgement calls based on facts is called Decision Making.

Explanation:

Decision making is an essential recurrent part of every aspect of life. As simple as it sounds, many go about it wrongfully. Notice that the definition mentions judgement calls based on fact. When decisions are made based on assumptions, it almost always never creates a positive result.

Even after facts have been established, considerations have to be made to determine how the best line of action maybe communicated as well as executed.

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