Based on the things Orwell has predicted in the story, which elements do you believe have already either begun to happen or have at least been set in motion?

Okay, you didnt specify which Orwell story, but I'm assuming 1984

Explanation:

- the constant government surveillance all characters in 1984 are under is not that far from the way people will document their lives on social media for all to see. also, the Patriot Act and similar post-911 laws in the US make government surveillance a very real thing in all citizens' lives

- the personified idea of Big Brother is something that exists, to a lesser extent, in the form of world leaders such as Trump, Bolsanaro, etc., who have built "cults of personality" around themselves. in those cases, criticizing policies or the government is the same as a personal attack on said politicians' very humanity

- the government tortures its prisoners with their greatest fear (ie rats). in other words, they find out a person's weak spot and then exploit it for their own gain. advertisers literally do the commercialized version of that very thing nowadays: they monitor someones online activities to determine their interests, then use that information to target ads and try to sell them things