1. According to the transactional model, senders and receivers exert only minimal effort in a communication exchange. are passive in when conversing interpersonally. have only one role only in a conversation. participate equally and simultaneously in a given interaction.

The answer is: participate equally and simultaneously in a given interaction.

The transactional model of communication indicates that the communication process involves the active and simultaneous participation of both parties acting as senders and receivers. In that respect, the coding and decoding processes include reactions and responses in a cyclical interaction between sender and receiver.