Which key function of a business involves finding, targeting, attracting, and connecting with the right customers?

Marketing.

Explanation:

All these variables are managed in Marketing, because it offers tools to attract costumers. So, in order to do that, targeting is important, you don't want to attract costumers from other niche. Also, establishing connection habilitates business to do different types of marketing campaigns.

police, shopkeepers, owners of the business itself