Which of the following is not a literary element or device? A) metaphor B) punctuation C) simile D) theme

Figurative language because it uses words/expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. That is also what poetry does, uses figurative expressions. Also, figurative language includes personification and similes/metaphors which are commonly used in poetry.

Punctuation is not a literary element because punctuation is all symbols with different meanings.