My question is what is the best way to identify the type of phrases within a sentence? and how to learn it as quick as possible?

Ex: Identify the type of phrases between brackets in the following sentences?

1 - (Working at this job) is a lot of fun.

2-He (works hard every day.)

3 - (Before the next light), we should stop.

4 - (Jumping up and down on the bed), the child feels happy.

They are verb, verb, prep, and infinitive

1. gerund phrase - the verbal ending in - ing that is used as a noun is called a gerund

2. verb phrase - just a regular verb and all of the words surrounding it

3. adverb phrase - functions the same way as an adverb, which means that it answers questions such as when, where, why, how, etc.

4. participial phrase - although a participle looks the same as a gerund, it is never used as a noun, but rather as an adjective, or adverb