What is a claim and counterclaim

A claim is like an opinion of what you think of something, a counterclaim is like a counter argument or claim that is against your claim

When writing an essay in English, specifically an opinionated one, a claim is the opinion the writer is arguing for. If you supported school uniforms, your claim would be "I support school uniforms because they reduce bullying." A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. If I were making a counterclaim against school uniforms, I would say, "I disagree with school uniforms because they reduce individuality and self expression."