When are in-text citations used in academic writing?

you have too sight the last name of the author and the page number whether it is a quote or paraphrased. the only time you don't have to is if you include it in the sentence.

Example for when you don't have to cite in text:

On page 13 Martin says, "blah blah bah bluh bleh blah"

... otherwise just put the citation in parentheses after the quote/paraphrase like so: (Martin, 13)