Describe what lines of latitude measure and what do lines of longitude measure?

Lines of latitude measure north-south position between the poles. Lines of latitude are all parallel to each other, thus they are often referred to as parallels.

Lines of longitude, or meridians, run between the North and South Poles. They measure east-west position. The prime meridian is assigned the value of 0 degrees, and runs through Greenwich, England. Meridians to the west of the prime meridian are measured in degrees west and likewise those to the east of the prime meridian are measured to by their number of degrees east.