What was the name of the supercontinent that existed before breaking apart into our current continents?

Answer: Pangea

Pangea was a kind of unique and gigantic continent in which all the current continents were together.

This supercontinent existed at the end of the Paleozoic era and beginning of the Mesozoic era and was formed by the movement of tectonic plates. About 200 million years ago, it began to fracture and to disperse until reaching the current situation of the continents, although it should be noted the continents continue to separate.

In contrast to the present Earth and its continental mass distribution, great part of Pangea was in the southern hemisphere, being surrounded by a superocean called Panthalassa.