Over the last 100 years, the provisions of the fourteenth amendment have become the vehicle for

The correct answer is expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny equality under the law.

Originally, the 14th amendment was supposed to give everyone equality, however, people found ways to do this in order to not provide equality to everyone because they wanted to disenfranchise certain groups. This is because of the idea of interpreting the constitution instead of sticking to it without interpretation.