How did the Japanese react to Matthew Perry's successful mission in Japan?

They signed a peace treaty

After the United States acquired California, it was considered desirable to open trade with the east, in this case Japan. Japan had been closed off to foreigners since the 17th century so it to American politicians that the only way to "open" Japan was with a show of force. Therefore Commodore Perry was sent to Japan to intimidate them into opening up, and it worked.