The emergence of the "new urban poor" in the past quarter of a century was precipitated by:

If your possible answers are

economic globalization, which led to high unemployment among the unskilled sectors of the lower class

racial discrimination in hiring for the remaining low-skilled jobs in urban centers

the cycle of poverty that is reinforced among the poor

all of the above

Then the correct answer is all of the above. The cities started increasing in size and population and more and more people moved to them and since there wasn't enough jobs for everyone, or they were discriminated, they were poor which created entire neighborhoods famous for poverty.