What historical events and ideas disturbed church establishments and prompted the second great awakening in american society?

The newly formed USA was spinning headlong into a moral slump under deist philosophy. Drunkenness was epidemic. Out of a population of 5 million people, 300,0000 were confirmed drunkards. 15,000 died of alcoholism every year. Bank robberies were daily occurrences. Profanity was rampant, and women were afraid to go out at night for fear of being assaulted. The churches seemed unable to do anything about the moral decay. All major denominations were losing members. Intellectuals from Voltaire to Thomas Payne predicted Christianity would be forgotten in 30 years. Francis Asbury, a Methodist preacher was first to usher in the Second Great Awakening, and the revival broke out through the entire country.

What historical events and ideas disturbed church establishments and prompted the second great awakening in american society