When were these black codes written? Who do you think wrote these laws?

The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. The laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. Black Codes were part of a larger pattern of Southern whites trying to suppress the new freedom of emancipated African American slaves, the freedmen