Which of the following traits are characteristic of Medieval music?

oral tradition

mainly secular

monophonic

vocal

The traits listed that are characteristic of Medieval music are oral tradition, monophonic and vocal.

Explanation:

While it is hard to characterize something as creative as music in absolutes, researchers generally concur that Medieval music was largely sacred and based on monophonic principles, so there would only be one melodic line in a song without the use of harmony or chords. They were also largely vocal and annotation of songs and music was rare. At times the annotations would just indicate pitch. This is part of what makes the record of secular music difficult to know for this time period. There was however some secular music about love and the crusades, for example, that was used for dancing and in the entertainment of the elites. Polyphony gained in popularity towards the end of the Medieval period and the beginning of the Renaissance.