The geography and the economy of the southern states in the years leading up to the Civil War is described by

The southern states having the geographical and economic conditions while leading towards the Civil wars is implied by the presence of dominance of agriculture as the activity for economy.

Explanation:

The agriculture was considered the dominant activity for the economy. The reason behind such a conclusion was the fertility of the soil and the climatic conditions of the southern states which is warm.

Both the reason supported the cause and hence is the description for the time while leading to the civil war. Exclusively sought, southern states are agricultural zones and they relied to the textiles of north and for the trade, from the British.