how do you decide which value to weigh more heavily when looking at trade offs between different values? for example, if one persons freedom restricts another persons ewuality of opportunity how do you decide which is more important

Create a consequence matrix and place both entities into it.

Unfortunately most things are decided by values and power, whoever has more power and value in "society" has more rights than other people, but that does not mean that it is correct. Only that and the way it is done in our capitalist society.