What were the causes of trans-saharan trade?

The two biggest causes of the Trans-Saharan trade included:

1. Introduction of Camels to the Sahara

2. Expansion of Islam in the area

Explanation:

The introduction of camels in the Sahara region provided a safe, reliable transport system throughout the land. Unlike a horse or a cattle, camels could go days without the need to drink or eat.

This made, long journeys possible and a network of small taverns and trading posts sprung up.

As Islam grew in the region, small cities and villages in the area came under the protection of a single government. This provided peace and prosperity in the region, a single currency, and common laws, all factors that contribute towards economic success.