By what methods did southern whites seek to limit the meaning of the 14th amendment for African Americans? How did the federal system of justice respond?

Jim crow laws

Explanation:

If a person couldn't read or write they weren't allowed to vote. Most Africans during slavery weren't allowed to go to school. They would get in trouble with their owner for trying to read or write in secret of caught. White supremacists were scared of Slaves getting revenge on them now that they had more freedom.