How did the persistence of primitive agricultural practices and land-owning patterns contribute to famine and debt in some areas of Europe?

Answer: Some areas in Europe lagged in industrialization while facing famine, debt and land shortages. Examples of primitive agricultural practices and famines are the "Hungry 40", Irish potato famine, and Russian serfdom.

Explanation: The Potato Famine in Ireland and in England was a main cause for the "Hungry 40s". The potato crop failed in Ireland and 1/8 of the 8 million person population died of starvation. This was because primitive agriculture was the main form of harvesting food.

The Russian serfdom system kept laborers bound to Agricultural estates and could not legally leave their land leading to low productivity.