Historians include citations in an essay for the ideas they:

A) include as part of a counterclaim

B) reviewed but not include

C) quote directly or paraphrase

D) develop independently

The correct answer is C, quote directly or paraphrase.

Explanation:

When historians write essays they have to include citations of other works so readers can follow the arguments they are making.

These citations are made in the form of direct quotes between quotation marks that must direct the reader to the exact source of it or in the form of paraphrase, that is when the author explains with his/her words the ideas of another author - - and this must also direct the reader to the exact source of the idea.

Citations are essential to the critical examination of the essay regarding its adequacy to the scientific method.