How does the Fourteenth Amendment extend the Bill of Rights' protections to citizens of the state?

The fourteenth amendment extends the bill of rights to citizens in different states by stating that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are CItizens of the United States that made it where certain states Ex: Louisiana could not deny African Americans or Hispanics the right to citizenship or if there are to be naturalized (go though a process where they become a citizen) they can not be denied citizenship

Explanation:

I know this because i a, m really good at civics, social studies, and world history