How successfully the governments and economies of the north and south responded to the pressures of war?

The Civil War benefited the Northern economy, but it left the Southern economy in absolutely terrible condition. The South, with its agricultural economy, lost its ability to exploit slave labor for greater profits, and also most battles occurred in Southern territory, leaving huge spans of agricultural land destroyed.

Explanation:

In the years before the Civil War, the economic interests of Americans in the North and Northwest grew increasingly further from those of Americans in the South and Southwest. Although the Civil War itself was caused by a number of different factors, the divergent paths taken in the economic development of North and South contributed to the animosity between the regions, the development of the Confederacy and, ultimately, the victory of the Union.