How people living in extremely cold climates have adapted their building methods to suit their

climates?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:

"People learn how to use the environment to their advantage or how to adjust to the issues they cannot change. Building has always been a struggle in the tundra climate regions of Europe and Russia. One of the biggest challenges is living on permafrost. Permafrost tends to melt when buildings are constructed on it. This causes the structures to crack apart or sink into the ground. People have adapted to this situation using three different techniques: insulated heat pipes that prevent the heat from effecting the frozen ground, wood piles that anchor the ground so it will not sink or shift, and gravel pads that create a layer of insulation between the house and the ground below. Another issue in the tundra is the heavy amounts of snowfall which weigh down structures. To prevent that weight from toppling structures, people in the region use slanted roofing so the snow will slide off when it begins to weigh down. People living in Iceland use the land to fight the cold winter conditions. They have built homes underground, using the earth to insulate against the cold."