Did civil rights movements significantly change the economic, social, and political status quo for most groups by the end of the century?

Yes, it did.

Explanation:

The Civil Rights Movement marked a before and after in terms of the rights of African Americans and other ethnic minorities within the United States, since for the first time the necessary conditions were created for real equality of opportunities and living conditions between whites and other minorities in the country, mainly African Americans, but also Latinos, Asians or Native Americans.

It was a movement that ran from the mid-1950s to the end of the 1960s, mainly in the Southern states, with the aim of ending the so-called Jim Crow's laws that prevented political engagement in various indirect ways, prescribed de jure racial segregation, and put the black population de facto in an unequal and subordinate socio-economic position. Under the leadership of Baptist priest Martin Luther King, it eventually gained widespread support and encouraged in the mid-1960s Johnson's federal administration and Congress to pass a series of far-reaching laws that repealed Jim Crow's laws. Thus, the African American population in the United States was formally equated with whites.