What were at least two different ways that the Sui and Song Dynasties (598-618 and 960-1279 CE respectively) instituted centralized rule in China?

The two ways the Sui and Song Dynasties instituted a centralized rule in China include:

1. Through Uniform institution of government: This he achieved through the use of pragmatic administrators to rule the centralized country. He also, ensured the reestablishment of Confucian rituals last used in government by the Han dynasty.

2. Taxation and Census: This are another way that the Sui and Song Dynasties instituted a centralized China. A careful census was carried out while taxes to be paid by the people was simplified for easier understanding.