Which describes how the emergence of capitalism changed society?

Capitalism allowed for the reemergence of the Catholic Church's oversight of

European monarchs and social opportunities.

Capitalism created economic opportunities for the middle-class and desire for

profits without government interference.

Capitalism created better working conditions for the poor and utopian societies in

France, Britain, and Spain.

Capitalism resulted in the discovery of heliocentric theory and subsequently the

separation of church and state.

The second option

Explanation:

First of all, capitalism is an economic idea, so you can eliminate the first and last option right away. The idea of capitalism is that you have private owners that control the economy, that can receive profit. This runs contrary to a state-run economy, which is what communism has. So, the second option is the only choice that make sense because it defines what capitalism is: The idea that you can have an economy that + for the most part) is run completely by private businesses, without outside government interference.