how did the rights and responsibilities of civic participation vary among Roman citizens and noncitizens?

In Ancient Rome, citizen participation involved attending assembly meetings, voting in elections and holding positions in office, as a means to obtain power, respect, and social status.

Women were considered citizens but only had few legal rights.

Slaves were not granted the rights of citizenship. However, they could earn or buy their freedom and enjoy the benefits of citizenship, gaining wealth and power and their children could hold public office.