Why did large companies take over the mining of underground lodes?

Congress passed laws granting underground mining rights to certain companies.

The law required miners to pay a large deposit to cover any violence that erupted at the mines.

Getting gold from underground lodes required heavy and expensive machinery.

Large companies took over the mining because Congress passed laws granting underground mining rights to certain companies.

Explanation:

US was in the middle of a gold and oil rush as a lot of resources were discovered on the US sol by industrialist who moved into the towns and built big industries around the mines and mined the resources.

This became a hegemony of big companies because the Congress passed laws to grant the underground mining rights to certain companies only.

This made the business a hegemonic one.