Determine whether each item describes a cause of feudalism or characteristic of the system of feudalism. (Basically which of the options are the causes of feudalism or the characteristics of feudalism).

1. The king gave land grants to Nobles for providing knights for wars.

2. The Roman empire fell when the last emperor stepped down.

3. People of needed safety and protection.

4. People were born into a social class.

5. People turn to the Catholic Church for spiritual direction.

1. This is a characteristic and cause of feudalism. Mostly a cause. Because when the king gave land to nobles, they began to give land to their knights. The knights then gave land to their knights (vassals). Meaning that the Noble's knights just became a Lord. This kept going and going, creating a very complex system.

2. This was a cause of feudalism because then the germanic invaders came, leading people to need protection.

3. This is a cause, as described above.

4. This is a characteristic of feudalism. There was very little upward mobility in the Middle Ages. Meaning, if you were born a serf - you stayed as a serf.

5. This was a characteristic of feudalism. The Middle Ages were called the Dark Ages for a reason. People looked to Heaven and Hell to explain life - not science.