What challenges did india and southeast asia face between 500 and 1500

The period from 1500 to 500 B. C. E. is popularly known as the Vedic age by the historians. The name "vedic" is derived from the word Vedas which are religious texts that contains knowledge about that period. The Indian civilization foundation was laid in this Vedic age period. In the 1500 BCE the Indo-European people migrated to the Northwest India and by 1000 BCE these groups moved to the Ganges plain. During this time this group highly dominated the northern India. After moving to the Ganges plain after 1000 BCE new technologies were invented like the iron tools that were more stronger and sharper than the bronze tools. The soil of the Ganges plain was very fertile due to regular monsoon seasons and supported two to three crops yearly.

During this era there was war and rivalry between two groups of people - the Aryas and the Dasas. Sometime later in India there developed a system based on Varna - color that described basically class of people. these classes were - Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriya (warriors and officials), Vaishayas (merchants and landowners) and Shudras (slaves and untouchables). In 500 BCE Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism and Mahavira founded Jainism.

In 1500 BCE migrants started migrating from mainland Southeast Asia to islands in Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Dongson culture flourishes in Northern Vietnam. the most distinctive produces of this culture were large drums decorated in low relief designs. The people also made bronze vessels and ceremonial weapons. The examples of drums have been found in South China and Southeast Asia.