How did the experiences of China, the Ottoman Empire, Japan, and Latin America, all of which retained their independence for most or all of the nineteenth century despite much European pressure, differ from those of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Pacific Oceania, which fell under formal colonial rule

The experiences of countries or nation (Japan, China, etc) who had retained their independence did not fall under the colonial rule as against other nations like Africa, India, Pacific ocean in the following ways like,

The fall of a central government, European racial superiority.

Explanation:

The Experiences of china, the Ottoman Empire, Japan and Latin America throughout the 19th century had retained their Independence, they differed from those of Africa, India and others who had feel under the colonial rule through the following reasons.

Those under the colonial rule could not selectively borrow from the West while, those not under the colonial rule borrowed from the west with a caution The central government of countries like japan, Latin America retained their independence and had to adjust to deal with European pressure while others lost a central government in place of local rulers aiding the colony social suppression was not directly linked to ideas European racial superiority.