What forms of torture, punishment, and execution were used in Europe prior to the 18th century?

Various, from beheading to burning on the stake (but mostly after strangulation). In 1530 in many areas of Europe new penal criminal code was introduce Constitutio Criminali Carolina. it increased severity of penalties in compare to 15 c. century, it also expanded possibilty of using tortures during interrogation (although most of fantastical torture methods we tend to belive are made by human imagination in 19th century)