Under Kemal's rule,

a. women had more rights.

b. women had fewer rights.

c. the clergy had more influence

d. the army had more influence

The best answer is A. Women got the additional right to vote therefore they had more rights than previously.

In an effort to catch up with the civilized world, he led Turkey to join the league of Nations, improved literacy rates by introducing free but compulsory primary school education for children, gave women the right to vote and generally adopted new law codes based on European models.

In October 1926, he had told an audience that the civilized world was far ahead of them and that Turkey had no choice but to catch up. Eight years later, among other things, he required Turks to also choose a surname, which was in keeping with the European model of a secular state.