Closing arguments are: a. presented by the judge. b. part of the jury instructions. c. presented by the plaintiff's attorney only. d. none of the above

none of the above

Explanation:

During closing arguments, both parties involved in the case are given between 20 - 60 minutes to come up and forceful argue whatever cases they have. They use this opportunity to see if they can persuade the jury that their opponent in the case is either liable or they themselves are should not be liable.

This argument is not presented by the judge nor by the plaintiff's attorney only, rather by both parties. After the closing argument, then the jury instructions by the judge follow, the arguments in itself are not part of the instructions made by the jury.