Provide an example of a trig function and describe how it is transformed from the standard trig function f (x) = sin x, f (x) = cos x, or f (x) = tan x using key features.

It's not 100% clear what you're asking for here.

If you begin with f (x) = sin x, and write the new function g (x) = sin (x-pi/2), you get

g (x) = sin x cos pi/2 - cos x sin pi/2 = - cos x

This has a graph obtainable by shifting the graph of sin x pi/2 units to the right.

h (x) = sin (x+pi/2) has a graph obtainable by shifting the graph of sin x pi/2 units to the left.