One number is four more than five times another. If their sum is increased by three, the result is thirty-one

X is 4 more than 5 times y

x=4+5y

if sum is increased by 3 (x+y+3), result is 31

x+y+3=31

minus 3 both sides

x+y=28

x=4+5y subsiutute

4+5y+y=28

4+6y=28

minus 4 both sides

6y=24

divide by 6

y=4

sub back

x=4+5y

x=4+5 (4)

x=4+20

x=24

the numbers are 24 and 4