When hypothesis testing, when might you use a related sample versus an independent sample? Provide examples of both population to illustrate the differences.

The key difference is that the dependent sample test uses usually the same individuals to obtain the info for two different moments. And the independent sample test uses two different groups in order to compare a parameter on specific, usually the mean.

Step-by-step explanation:

A paired t-test is used to compare two population means when we have two samples in which observations in one sample can be paired with observations in the other sample. For example if we have Before-and-after observations in order to see an improvement or not for a method we can use it (Without treatment and With specific treatment).

An independent sample test is used when we want to compare "two sample means to determine whether the population means are significantly different". For example if we want to compare the scores for male and female in a test.

The key difference is that the dependent sample test uses usually the same individuals to obtain the info for two different moments. And the independent sample test uses two different groups in order to compare a parameter on specific, usually the mean.