In a certain population of the eastern thwump bird, the wingspan of the individual birds follows an approximately normal distribution with mean 53.0 mm and standard deviation 6.25 mm. A sample of five birds is drawn from the population. [Note: give your answers up to 4 decimal places.] (a) Find the probability that the wingspan of the first bird chosen is between 48 and 58 mm long. (b) Find the probability that at least one of the five birds has a wingspan between 48 and 58 mm. In addition, (c) What is the expected number of birds in this sample whose wingspan is between 48 and 58 mm. (d) Find the probability that the wingspan of a randomly chosen bird is less than 48 mm long. (e) Find the probability that more than two of the five birds have wingspans less than 48 mmlong.

a) P (48 < x < 58) = 0.576

b) P (X ≥ 1) = 0.9863

c) E (X) 2.88

d) P (x < 48) = 0.212

e) P (X > 2) = 0.06755

Step-by-step explanation:

The mean of the wingspan of the birds = μ = 53.0 mm

The standard deviation = σ = 6.25 mm

a) Probability of a bird having a wingspan between 48 mm and 58 mm can be found by modelling the problem as a normal distribution problem.

To solve this, we first normalize/standardize the two wingspans concerned.

The standardized score for any value is the value minus the mean then divided by the standard deviation.

z = (x - μ) / σ

For wingspan 48 mm

z = (48 - 53) / 6.25 = - 0.80

For wingspan 58 mm

z = (58 - 53) / 6.25 = 0.80

To determine the probability that the wingspan of the first bird chosen is between 48 and 58 mm long. P (48 < x < 58) = P (-0.80 < z < 0.80)

We'll use data from the normal probability table for these probabilities

P (48 < x < 58) = P (-0.80 < z < 0.80) = P (z < 0.8) - P (z < - 0.8) = 0.788 - 0.212 = 0.576

b) The probability that at least one of the five birds has a wingspan between 48 and 58 mm = 1 - (Probability that none of the five birds has a wingspan between 48 and 58 mm)

P (X ≥ 1) = 1 - P (X=0)

Probability that none of the five birds have a wingspan between 48 and 58 mm is a binomial distribution problem.

Binomial distribution function is represented by

P (X = x) = ⁿCₓ pˣ qⁿ⁻ˣ

n = total number of sample spaces = number of birds = 5

x = Number of successes required = number of birds with wingspan between 48 mm and 58 mm = 0

p = probability of success = Probability of one bird having wingspan between 48 mm and 58 mm = 0.576

q = probability of failure = Probability of one bird not having wingspan between 48 mm and 58 mm = 1 - 0.576 = 0.424

P (X=0) = ⁵C₀ (0.576) ⁰ (1 - 0.576) ⁵ = (1) (1) (0.424) ⁵ = 0.0137

The probability that at least one of the five birds has a wingspan between 48 and 58 mm = P (X≥1) = 1 - P (X=0) = 1 - 0.0137 = 0.9863

c) The expected number of birds in this sample whose wingspan is between 48 and 58 mm.

Expected value is a sum of each variable and its probability,

E (X) = mean = np = 5*0.576 = 2.88

d) The probability that the wingspan of a randomly chosen bird is less than 48 mm long

Using the normal distribution tables again

P (x < 48) = P (z < - 0.8) = 1 - P (z ≥ - 0.8) = 1 - P (z ≤ 0.8) = 1 - 0.788 = 0.212

e) The probability that more than two of the five birds have wingspans less than 48 mm long = P (X > 2) = P (X=3) + P (X=4) + P (X=5)

This is also a binomial distribution problem,

Binomial distribution function is represented by

P (X = x) = ⁿCₓ pˣ qⁿ⁻ˣ

n = total number of sample spaces = number of birds = 5

x = Number of successes required = number of birds with wingspan less than 48 mm = more than 2 i. e. 3,4 and 5.

p = probability of success = Probability of one bird having wingspan less than 48 mm = 0.212

q = probability of failure = Probability of one bird not having wingspan less than 48 mm = 1 - p = 0.788

P (X > 2) = P (X=3) + P (X=4) + P (X=5)

P (X > 2) = 0.05916433913 + 0.00795865476 + 0.00042823218

P (X > 2) = 0.06755122607 = 0.06755