In a survey of 246 people, the following data were obtained relating gender to political orientation:

Republican (R) Democrat (D) Independent (I) Total

Male (M) 54 45 28 127

Femal (F) 44 55 20 119

Total 98 100 48 246

A person is randomly selected. What is the probability that the person is:

a) Male given that the person is a Democrat?

b) Republican given that the person is Male?

c) Female given that the person is an Independent?

a) 45% probability that the person is a male, given that he is a democrat.

b) 42.52% probability that the person is a republican given that he is male.

c) 41.67% that an Independent person is a female.

Step-by-step explanation:

A probability is the number of desired people (outcomes) divided by the total number of people (outcomes).

Example.

In a sample of 50 people, 30 are Buffalo Bills fans. The probability that a randomly selected person is a Buffalo Bills is 30/50 = 0.6 = 60%.

So

a) Male given that the person is a Democrat?

There are 100 Democrats. Of them, 45 are male and 55 are female.

So there is a 45/100 = 0.45 = 45% probability that the person is a male, given that he is a democrat.

b) Republican given that the person is Male?

There are 127 males. Of those, 54 are Republican.

So there is a 54/127 = 0.4252 = 42.52% probability that the person is a republican given that he is male.

c) Female given that the person is an Independent?

There are 48 independent people. Of those, 20 are female.

So there is a 20/48 = 0.4167 = 41.67% that an Independent person is a female.