A college student is taking two courses. The probability she passes the first course is 0.73. The probability she passes the second course is 0.66. The probability she passes at least one of the courses is 0.98. Give your answer to four decimal places. a. What is the probability she passes both courses?

b. Is the event she passes one course independent of the event that she passes the other course? FALSE (I know this)

c. What is the probability she does not pass either course (has two failing grades) ?

d. What is the probability she does not pass both courses (does not have two passing grades) ?

e. What is the probability she passes exactly one course? I

f. Given she passes the first course, what is the probability she passes the second?

g. Given she passes the first course, what is the probability she does not pass the second?

b) No, it's not independent.

c) 0.02

d) 0.59

e) 0.57

f) 0.5616

Step-by-step explanation:

To answer this problem, a Venn diagram should be useful. The diagram with the information of Event 1 and Event 2 is shown below (I already added the information for the intersection but we're going to see how to get that information in the b) part of the problem)

Let's call A the event that she passes the first course, then P (A) =.73

Let's call B the event that she passes the second course, then P (B) =.66

Then P (A∪B) is the probability that she passes the first or the second course (at least one of them) is the given probability. P (A∪B) =.98

b) Is the event she passes one course independent of the event that she passes the other course?

Two events are independent when P (A∩B) = P (A) * P (B)

So far, we don't know P (A∩B), but we do know that for all events, the next formula is true:

P (A∪B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (A∩B)

We are going to solve for P (A∩B)

.98 =.73 +.66 - P (A∩B)

P (A∩B) =.73 +.66 -.98

P (A∩B) =.41

Now we will see if the formula for independent events is true

P (A∩B) = P (A) x P (B)

.41 =.73 x. 66

.41 ≠.4818

Therefore, these two events are not independent.

c) The probability she does not pass either course, is 1 - the probability that she passes either one of the courses (P (A∪B) =.98)

1 - P (A∪B) = 1 -.98 =.02

d) The probability she doesn't pass both courses is 1 - the probability that she passes both of the courses P (A∩B)

1 - P (A∩B) = 1 -.41 =.59

e) The probability she passes exactly one course would be the probability that she passes either course minus the probability that she passes both courses.

P (A∪B) - P (A∩B) =.98 -.41 =.57

f) Given that she passes the first course, the probability she passes the second would be a conditional probability P (B|A)

P (B|A) = P (A∩B) / P (A)

P (B|A) =.41 /.73 =.5616